The common causes of lighting failure in rural lighting electrical ready board box in Africa include lamp damage, cable breakage, and switch faults. In addition, there are high incidence factors in rural areas such as unstable voltage, circuit breaker tripping, oxidized and loose wiring terminals, and abnormal grounding and lightning protection. Rural outdoor working conditions are poor, easily affected by rainy season humidity, lightning strikes, mosquito corrosion, and aging power lines, and faults are mostly concentrated in simple distribution circuits.

The investigation follows the principle of "external first, internal second" and "simple first, complex second": the first step is to check the indicator lights of the electrical ready board and the main power supply, check whether the incoming line is powered and whether the circuit breaker is tripped. If there is no power, investigate the upstream rural power supply. The second step is to check the control switch and repeatedly turn on and off the lighting circuit switch. If the switch is stuck or has poor contact, it is a switch fault and can be replaced directly. The third step is to inspect the lighting fixtures. Remove the fixtures and connect them to a temporary power source for a test light. If they do not light up, it indicates that the bulb or ballast is damaged, which is a malfunction of the lighting fixture itself. The fourth step is to check the cables and wiring, checking whether the incoming and outgoing lines are aging, broken skin, broken wires, whether the terminals are oxidized, rusted, loose virtual connections, and whether rainwater infiltration can easily cause circuit breakers in rural outdoor areas. Finally, investigate the lightning protection grounding and leakage module. Lightning strikes can easily cause circuit leakage protection to operate. Reset the leakage protector and check if the SPD lightning protector is malfunctioning. During troubleshooting, ensure safe power-off operations, prioritize handling loose, disconnected, and burnt parts, and adapt to simple maintenance scenarios in rural areas without professional operation and maintenance.