Surge protector (SPD) is the core component of lightning protection for household lighting electrical ready boards. Its selection should follow standards such as IEC 61643-11 and GB/T 18802, combined with residential lightning protection requirements and graded protection principles, in order to effectively resist lightning surges and transient overvoltage of the power grid.

Household lightning protection is based on multi-level protection, and lighting electrical ready boards usually correspond to second or third level protection. The first level protection is installed in the main distribution cabinet of the building, using T1 level SPD to discharge direct lightning high energy. The parameters must meet the requirements of impulse current ≥ 12.5kA and protection level ≤ 2.5kV. If the residential area is located in a thunderstorm prone area and the main cabinet is not equipped with a first level SPD, T1+T2 composite SPD can be used to achieve dual protection.

The floor or indoor lighting electrical ready board is mainly equipped with secondary protection, and T2 level SPD is preferred to further suppress residual surges after primary protection. The household single-phase system needs to be matched with Uc=275V rated working voltage, nominal discharge current ≥ 20kA, protection level ≤ 1.5kV, and 4P poles according to the TN-S system to ensure comprehensive protection of the live, neutral, and ground wires.

If the electrical ready board is close to precision equipment (such as intelligent lighting controllers), a three-level T3 SPD should be added, with a protection level of ≤ 1.0kV, which can intercept residual voltage and avoid equipment damage. When selecting, attention should also be paid to response time ≤ 25ns, equipped with green normal and red failure status indicators for daily inspection.

In addition, products certified by CE and ISO should be selected, and the grounding wire should be short and straight during installation, with a grounding resistance of ≤ 4 Ω. Low thunderstorm risk areas can be simplified into a T2+T3 combination, balancing protection effectiveness and economy. Correctly selecting and installing SPDs can build reliable lightning protection barriers for household lighting circuits, ensuring electrical safety.