The rated voltage and power supply mode of rural lighting electrical ready boards in Africa need to be comprehensively set based on the electricity standards of various African countries, the characteristics of rural electricity loads, and the current status of infrastructure. The core principle is to adapt to the local power grid, ensure lighting safety and stability, while also considering economy and practicality. The following are specific standards and basis.

In terms of rated voltage, rural power grids in most African countries use 220V-230V single-phase AC voltage as the core standard, and some countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, use 240V. The overall rated voltage range can be uniformly set as 220V (± 10%), and the rated AC voltage to ground does not exceed 300V, which meets the requirements of the draft standards for electrical ready boards in Botswana and other countries. This setting is suitable for the rated voltage of rural civilian lighting equipment (such as light bulbs, LED lights) in the vast majority of African countries, and also matches the mainstream power supply voltage of the local power grid to avoid equipment damage or lighting abnormalities caused by voltage incompatibility. Meanwhile, considering the significant voltage fluctuations in some regions of Africa, a wide voltage adaptation design (110-240V) can serve as a supplement to enhance the applicability of the electrical ready board.

In terms of power supply, African rural lighting electrical ready boards should prioritize single-phase power supply. The electricity load in rural Africa is mainly for household lighting and small household appliances, with low and scattered power demand. Single phase power supply can meet the centralized lighting needs of single or multiple households, and the wiring is simple and cost-effective, which is in line with the weak infrastructure in rural areas. Three phase power supply is only suitable for a few large-scale rural settlements or supporting small-scale agricultural processing equipment scenarios. Due to the complex and high investment of three-phase power supply lines, it does not meet the core needs of dispersed rural living and lighting in Africa, and is not a universally applicable solution.

In summary, it is recommended to set the standard rated voltage of rural lighting electrical ready boards in Africa to 220V (± 10%), suitable for single-phase power supply, and compatible with regional voltage differences of 230V and 240V. The ground voltage should not exceed 300V. This setting not only follows the mainstream power standards of African countries, but also meets the actual needs of rural lighting, taking into account safety, economy, and universality. It can effectively ensure the stability and reliability of rural lighting power supply in Africa and meet the operational requirements of local low-voltage distribution systems.